FreeIPA Attack Techniques
A comprehensive overview of techniques used to test and exploit FreeIPA deployments
Ethical Use Only
FreeIPA combines several open-source components into an integrated identity management solution. Each component presents unique attack vectors that can be exploited during a penetration test. This guide organizes attack techniques by phase and target component to provide a structured approach to testing FreeIPA deployments.
Understanding these attack techniques is essential for both offensive security professionals conducting penetration tests and defensive security teams responsible for securing FreeIPA environments.
The reconnaissance phase involves gathering information about the target FreeIPA environment without direct interaction. This includes identifying FreeIPA servers, services, and potential entry points.
- Network scanning and service identification
- DNS enumeration for FreeIPA-related records
- Web interface discovery and analysis
- LDAP server identification
The enumeration phase involves gathering detailed information about users, groups, hosts, and access controls within the FreeIPA environment. This information is crucial for identifying potential targets.
- User and group enumeration
- Host and service discovery
- HBAC and sudo rule enumeration
- Role-based access control analysis
The exploitation phase involves leveraging identified vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to the FreeIPA environment. This includes attacking authentication mechanisms, exploiting misconfigurations, and leveraging known CVEs.
- Kerberos attacks (Kerberoasting, AS-REP Roasting)
- LDAP injection and unauthorized modifications
- Password attacks and credential theft
- Exploiting known vulnerabilities (CVEs)
The post-exploitation phase involves maintaining access, escalating privileges, and moving laterally within the compromised environment. This demonstrates the full impact of the identified vulnerabilities.
- Persistence mechanisms (backdoor accounts, SSH keys)
- Privilege escalation techniques
- Lateral movement within the environment
- Data exfiltration and sensitive information gathering